Journal: International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

Article Title: ROS-triggered smart hydrogel adhesives for modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and promoting tendon-bone interface regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2026.100502

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic Diagram of the Metal Phenolic Network Chemical Structure of ME. (B) FTIR spectra of EGCG before and after NaOH treatment under oxygen-free conditions. (C) FTIR spectra of EGCG and ME. (D) TEM images and (E) particle size distribution plots of ME. and (F) UV–vis spectra of EGCG and ME. (G) EDS spectra and (H) elemental distribution plots of ME. (I) 1 H NMR spectra of QCS and QCS-PBA. n = 3, Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Article Snippet: EGCG, PEGDA, DTT, MgCl 2 , and quaternized chitosan (QCS) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Hepatoprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate and glutathione on aflatoxin B1-induced subacute liver injury in ducklings

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of EGCG and GSH on growth performance (weeks 1–2 and 3–4) and hepatic injury (weeks 2 and 4) in ducklings with subacute AFB 1 exposure. (A–C) Growth performance parameters for ADFI, ADG, and ADFI/ADG, respectively. (D) Liver index (%). (E–I) The levels of blood serum AST, ALT, γ-GT, ALB, and TP, respectively. CON = control group. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters among groups within the same variable indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: After adaptive rearing for three days, 180 healthy ducklings of similar weight were randomly selected and equally divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per group: 1) the CON group received the basic diet; 2) the AFB 1 group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 ( ; ); 3) the AFB 1 + EGCG group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 400 mg/kg of EGCG (98%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); 4) the AFB 1 + GSH group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 120 mg/kg of GSH (Reduced, 98%, Aladdin, Shanghai, China); and 5) the AFB 1 + EGCG + GSH group received the basic diet with the same concentrations of AFB 1 , EGCG, and GSH.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Hepatoprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate and glutathione on aflatoxin B1-induced subacute liver injury in ducklings

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of EGCG and GSH on liver microstructure and ultrastructure in ducklings with subacute AFB 1 exposure (week 2). (A) H&E staining, scale bar: 100 μm. Black arrow: inflammatory cell infiltration; red arrow: bile duct hyperplasia; yellow arrow: irregularly shaped intracellular vacuole; green arrow: fibrous tissue hyperplasia; blue arrow: lipid droplet. (B) TEM, scale bar: 1 μm. The red arrow represents the cell nucleus, and the green arrow represents mitochondria. CON = control group.

Article Snippet: After adaptive rearing for three days, 180 healthy ducklings of similar weight were randomly selected and equally divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per group: 1) the CON group received the basic diet; 2) the AFB 1 group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 ( ; ); 3) the AFB 1 + EGCG group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 400 mg/kg of EGCG (98%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); 4) the AFB 1 + GSH group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 120 mg/kg of GSH (Reduced, 98%, Aladdin, Shanghai, China); and 5) the AFB 1 + EGCG + GSH group received the basic diet with the same concentrations of AFB 1 , EGCG, and GSH.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Hepatoprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate and glutathione on aflatoxin B1-induced subacute liver injury in ducklings

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of EGCG and GSH on hepatic oxidative damage in ducklings with subacute AFB 1 exposure (week 2). CON = control group. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters among groups within the same variable indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: After adaptive rearing for three days, 180 healthy ducklings of similar weight were randomly selected and equally divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per group: 1) the CON group received the basic diet; 2) the AFB 1 group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 ( ; ); 3) the AFB 1 + EGCG group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 400 mg/kg of EGCG (98%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); 4) the AFB 1 + GSH group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 120 mg/kg of GSH (Reduced, 98%, Aladdin, Shanghai, China); and 5) the AFB 1 + EGCG + GSH group received the basic diet with the same concentrations of AFB 1 , EGCG, and GSH.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Hepatoprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate and glutathione on aflatoxin B1-induced subacute liver injury in ducklings

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of EGCG and GSH on hepatocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial function-related genes in ducklings with subacute AFB 1 exposure (week 2). (A) TUNEL staining, scale bar: 100 μm. Green fluorescence represents apoptotic cells, and blue fluorescence represents the total number of cells. (B) Hepatocyte apoptosis rate (%). (C) Relative mRNA expression of genes associated with mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in duckling livers. (D) Relative mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function in duckling livers. CON = control group. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters among groups within the same variable indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: After adaptive rearing for three days, 180 healthy ducklings of similar weight were randomly selected and equally divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per group: 1) the CON group received the basic diet; 2) the AFB 1 group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 ( ; ); 3) the AFB 1 + EGCG group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 400 mg/kg of EGCG (98%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); 4) the AFB 1 + GSH group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 120 mg/kg of GSH (Reduced, 98%, Aladdin, Shanghai, China); and 5) the AFB 1 + EGCG + GSH group received the basic diet with the same concentrations of AFB 1 , EGCG, and GSH.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Fluorescence, Expressing, Control

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Hepatoprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate and glutathione on aflatoxin B1-induced subacute liver injury in ducklings

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of EGCG and GSH on bile acid metabolism and hepatic fibrosis in ducklings with subacute AFB 1 exposure (week 2). (A–D) Serum bile acid metabolism-related indicators in ducklings. (E) Masson staining, scale bar: 100 μm. Black arrow: collagen fibers stained blue. (F) Liver fibrosis area ratio (%). (G) Relative mRNA expression of genes involved in the TGF-β/Smads pathway in hepatic fibrosis. CON = control group. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters among groups within the same variable indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: After adaptive rearing for three days, 180 healthy ducklings of similar weight were randomly selected and equally divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per group: 1) the CON group received the basic diet; 2) the AFB 1 group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 ( ; ); 3) the AFB 1 + EGCG group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 400 mg/kg of EGCG (98%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); 4) the AFB 1 + GSH group received the basic diet with 80 μg/kg of AFB 1 and 120 mg/kg of GSH (Reduced, 98%, Aladdin, Shanghai, China); and 5) the AFB 1 + EGCG + GSH group received the basic diet with the same concentrations of AFB 1 , EGCG, and GSH.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Control